Nuevos hallazgos sobre las causas de los tics en las personas con síndrome de Tourette podrían llevar a nuevos tratamientos no farmacológicos para el trastorno.

 Según un reciente estudio de laUniversidad de Nottingham, en Inglaterra, esos tics parecen ser provocados por un cableado defectuoso en el cerebro que resulta en una “híper excitabilidad” en las regiones que controlan la función motora.

“Los tics motores y vocales en los niños podrían ser controlados por los cambios cerebrales que alteran la excitabilidad de las células nerviosas antes de los movimientos voluntarios”, según explicó Stephen Jackson, profesor de la facultad de psicología de la mencionada Universidad.
El síndrome de Tourette afecta a alrededor de uno de cada cien niños y por lo general comienza en la niñez temprana. En la adolescencia, debido a los cambios estructurales y funcionales en el cerebro, alrededor de una tercera parte de los niños superarán sus tics, y otra tercera parte los controlarían mejor.
Pero la tercera parte restante de niños tendrán poco o ningún cambio en sus tics, y seguirán teniéndolos en la adultez, explicaron los investigadores.
Carraspear la garganta y parpadear son tics comunes. Algunas personas con síndrome de Tourette repiten palabras, dan vueltas o, en casos raros, dicen palabrotas, lo que puede provocar problemas sociales.
Para este estudio, los investigadores compararon los cerebros de las personas con síndrome de Tourette con los de personas sin el trastorno, y hallaron que los que sufren de Tourette son menos capaces de controlar la hiperactividad en el cerebro.
Esto sugiere que hay mecanismos en el cerebro que ayudan a controlar los tics y que pasan por desarrollo o una reorganización durante la adolescencia, según el estudio, según informó Health Day en Medline Plus.
Los tratamientos no farmacológicos incluyen ciertas formas de estimulación cerebralpara controlar la hiperactividad cerebral, apuntaron los investigadores.

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