El tigre siberiano comparte un 95,6 % de su genoma con el gato doméstico, del que se diferenció hace aproximadamente 10,8 millones de años, según revela un pionero estudio sobre felinos publicado en la revista 'Nature Communications'. 

El trabajo, obra de un equipo de científicos encabezado por Yun Sung Cho, de la Fundación de Investigación del Genoma de Suwon (Corea del Sur), ha trazado por primera vez la secuencia genética de los grandes felinos del planeta, incluidos el tigre de Amur o tigre siberiano, el tigre de bengala, el león africano, el león blanco y el leopardo de la nieve.


El análisis comparativo de los genomas de los grandes felinos muestra que los genes relacionados con la fuerza muscular, el metabolismo energético y algunas redes nerviosas como las relacionadas con la vista y el olfato experimentaron una evolución veloz en el tigre. Y todo apunta a que estos animales se adaptaron al entorno para convertirse en feroces depredadores capaces de digerir grandes volúmenes de comida. Los científicos también hallaron una mutación en el gen TYR del león blanco que previamente se había relacionado con ciertas formas de albinismo en humanos, y que podría explicar el color del pelaje de este pálido felino. 

Los datos de leones, tigres y leopardos procedentes de este estudio proporcionan una fuente de información muy valiosa que podría mejorar las tareas de conservación de estas especies en peligro de extinción, que en el último siglo ha visto reducirse su población en un 97%. Concretamente podría ayudar a los países reunidos en 2010 en la Cumbre del Tigre de San Petersburgo a lograr su objetivo de duplicar la población de este felino en la naturaleza antes de 2022.

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