Casi nueve millones de adultos en Estados Unidos recurren a píldoras de prescripción para dormir, y la mayoría son mujeres, blancas no hispanas, escolarizadas, de 50 años de edad o más, de acuerdo con el primer estudio del gobierno en su tipo.

Pero eso es sólo una parte del panorama. Los expertos creen que millones más consumen terapias como los medicamentos que se compran sin receta médica o el té de manzanilla, o simplemente sufren las noches de insomnio.
"No todos están acudiendo a pedir un medicamento de prescripción", dijo Russell Rosenberg, investigador del sueño.
El estudio de los Centros para el Control y Previsión de Enfermedades (CDC, por sus siglas en inglés) se basó en entrevistas con unos 17,000 adultos de 2005 a 2010. A los participantes incluso se les pidió llevar cualquier medicamento que estuvieran tomando.
En general, 4% de los adultos dijeron que habían tomado una píldora de prescripción para dormir o sedante en el mes previo.
El estudio no dice si el consumo de las píldoras está creciendo. Pero un investigador de los CDC calcula que aumento de 3.3% en 2003-2006 a 4.3% en 2007-2010.
Ello es similar a las investigaciones de mercado en Estados Unidos, así como estudios en otros países, que indican un crecimiento en el insomnio en décadas recientes.
"En general, los desórdenes del sueño son más frecuentes de lo que solían ser", dijo la doctora Ana Krieger, directora médica en el Centro Weill Cornell de Medicina del Sueño en Nueva York.
Esto podría deberse a varios factores, dicen los expertos. Algunos incluyen la apnea que está relacionada con la obesidad, el surgimiento de las redes de socialización por internet y el uso de otras distracciones electrónicas durante la noche, así como las preocupaciones financieras de la reciente recesión.
Para los adultos, la cantidad recomendada de sueño es de siete a ocho horas por noche. Un estudio anterior de los CDC sugería que al menos una tercera parte de los adultos duerme menos que eso.
En otros datos, se calcula que casi 10% de los estadounidenses padecen de insomnio crónico; las mujeres son más propensas a tomar píldoras para dormir que los hombres: 5% contra 3%; y más blancos toman medicamentos, casi 5%, comparado con 2.5% de los negros y 2% de los hispanos.
The Associated Press

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