Reino Unido será el primer país que permita la inseminación artificial con genes de tres progenitores, siguiendo la recomendación presentada este viernes por la asesora del gobierno en asuntos médicos Sally Davies.
La principal asesora del gobierno conservador en esta materia presentó hoy la recomendación al término de una consulta pública con expertos. Con este método se prevé ayudar a las personas con enfermedades concretas incurables o hereditarias (las denominadas enfermedades mitocondriales) a tener hijos sanos.
"Los científicos han desarrollado nuevos métodos revolucionarios que pueden impedir que ese tipo de enfermedades se sigan propagando", dijo Davies. De acuerdo con el Ministerio de Salud, no se podrá alterar el carácter y otro tipo de características de un niño a través del material celular de la donante.
En el nuevo método, el núcleo del óvulo materno se puede unir con mitocondrios del óvulo de la donante. En el tubo de ensayo la célula híbrida se fecundará con el esperma del padre y posteriormente se introducirá en el útero.
"Las enfermedades mitocondriales pueden tener un efecto devastador en las personas que las heredan", explicó Davies. El fallo en la capacidad metabólica puede provocar decenas de enfermedades, entre otras debilidades musculares, fallos en la visión y paros cardiacos. Uno de cada 6.500 niños llega al mundo con este tipo de fallos.
Las mitocondrias suministran la mayor parte de la energía necesaria para la actividad celular. El bebé las hereda de la madre. A raíz de esos genes se pueden desarrollar determinadas enfermedades.
Los adversarios de la medida argumentan que el método no es ético.
El director de la organización de genética humana, David King, dijo a la BBC: "Estas técnicas no son necesarias ni seguras".
El Ministerio de Salud sin embargo señaló que está convencido de los beneficios del método, que antes de que comience a usarse tendrá que convertirse en ley. Está previsto que el proyecto de ley esté listo a fines de año y se apruebe en 2014
DPA
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